ABSTRACT
Ebola virus (EBOV) is a virulent virus, which can cause the occurrence of EBOV hemorrhagic fever with the mortality of 50%-90% in human and non-human primate (NHP) animal. The biohazard level of Ebola is BSL-4, which is higher than that of AIDS and SARS (BSL-3). Since 2014, the EBOV has spread in West Africa and taken away thousands of lives. At present, the prevention or therapeutic drugs in research against EBOV include vaccines, small molecule drugs and antibodies. Antibodies are relatively safe and specific with fewer side effects. There have reports of several functional antibodies, including monoclonal antibodies 16F6, KZ52 and "antibody cocktails" such as MB-003, ZMAb and ZMapp, which have better efficacy than monovalent antibodies; in China, a similar antibody combination, MIL77, has also completed the preclinical studies for emergency use. In this paper, the development of the antiEbola therapeutic antibodies is reviewed.
ABSTRACT
CD40 and its receptor CD40L are a very important pair of co-stimulating molecule in immune response, which have extensive biological effects. After stimulating CD40 signal, it can exert corresponding function through MAPK (JNK, ERK, p38) pathway, PI3K cascade, as well as NF-κB and STAT. The CD40 signal is closely related to tumor immunity, this moleculer has already become targeted-molecule for cancer treatment. Recently, there have been many anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies displaying good anti-cancer effect, among which CHIR-12.12, SGN-40 and CP-870, 893 developed rapidly and successively have entered clinical research stage. This review focuses the status of anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody, including distribution of CD40, physiological function of CD40, CD40 and tumor immunity, anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies and so on.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Antibodies, Monoclonal , CD40 Antigens , Allergy and Immunology , NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Smallpox is a deadly infectious disease caused by the variola virus with very high mortality rate. It had caused many global prevalences and greatly threatened human health in history. With the global promotion of vaccination, smallpox was declared to be extirpated in 1980. However, in recent years, because of vaccination intermittent, nature orthopox virus recombination or mutation, andthepotentialth eatofbiote o ism smalpoxhasbeenmentionedandt eatedse iouslyagain.Atp esent themainwaysofp eventing or treating smaUpox include vaccination, chemical drugs, neutralizing antibodies, and clinical symptomatic therapies. In this article, we review the functional epitope and neutralizing antibody research progress of the variola virus.